SpaceX IPO: $75 billion – largest IPO of all time | allfacts360
SpaceX completes largest IPO in history at $75 billion
New York, June 12, 2026
Bruno Sanchez-Andrade Nuño from Washington, DC, USA / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 2.0
Summary
SpaceX completed the largest IPO in history on Friday at the Nasdaq, raising $75 billion. With a total valuation of $1.77 trillion, the company significantly surpasses the previous record holder, Saudi Aramco.
New York, June 12, 2026
The U.S. space company SpaceX completed its IPO on Friday on the technology exchange Nasdaq under the ticker symbol SPCX, generating approximately $75 billion (around €64.8 billion) by issuing roughly 555.6 million shares at a price of $135.
With its $75 billion in proceeds, SpaceX surpasses the previous record holder, Saudi Aramco – which raised approximately $25.6 billion in December 2019 – many times over. "Weil am Freitag Aktien im Wert von 75 Milliarden Dollar auf den Markt kommen, die höchste bisherige Summe," the news agency dpa-AFX wrote. At a share price of $135, the company's calculations yield a total value of $1.77 trillion, making SpaceX worth more than Facebook's parent company Meta already at the start of trading.
Unlike many other IPOs, SpaceX set the issue price itself in advance. "Anders als bei vielen anderen Börsengängen legte SpaceX den Ausgabepreis von 135 US-Dollar vorab selbst fest. Üblicherweise nennen Unternehmen zunächst eine Spanne und ermitteln den Preis dann basierend auf dem Interesse der Investoren." Demand significantly exceeded supply according to filings: Reports indicated that order volume exceeded $250 billion. Additionally, the underwriting banks had the option, according to SEC documents, to subscribe for up to 83 million additional shares, which could have raised the proceeds to approximately $86 billion.
Record proceeds and oversubscribed demand
With the jump onto the trading floor, Elon Musk becomes the first person with a fortune of more than $1 trillion – at least on paper. "Musk wird mit dem Börsengang zum ersten Menschen mit einem Vermögen von mehr als einer Billion US-Dollar. Das gilt zumindest auf dem Papier, gemessen am Wert seiner SpaceX-Aktien und Anteile am ebenfalls von ihm geführten Elektroautobauer Tesla." Even before the IPO, his fortune was estimated at more than $800 billion, making him the richest person in the world.
Despite the upcoming IPO, Musk remains the undisputed master of the company. "Musk wird mit einem Stimmrechtsanteil von mehr als 80 Prozent auch nach dem Börsengang die volle Kontrolle über SpaceX behalten. Basis dafür sind Aktien mit mehr Stimmrechten." According to the IPO prospectus, Musk plans to hold approximately 85 percent of the voting rights while simultaneously owning 42 percent of the share capital. At SpaceX, he holds the positions of CEO, CTO, and Chairman of the Board.
Musk remains sole ruler
The proceeds flow entirely into the company's coffers. "Die Einnahmen fliessen vollumfänglich in die Firmenkasse." Only a small portion of the company is actually being placed on the stock exchange: Just around four percent of the shares will be freely tradable, while the remaining 96 percent stay with the existing owners – primarily Musk himself. In total, SpaceX will have approximately 13 billion outstanding shares after the IPO.
In early June, SpaceX announced its plans to merge with the AI developer xAI, which had acquired the short-message service X (formerly Twitter). "Tech-Milliardär Elon Musk fusioniert sein Raumfahrtunternehmen SpaceX mit seinem KI-Entwickler xAI. Gemeinsam sollen die Unternehmen unter anderem Rechenzentren im All bauen, wie Musk ankündigte." The idea behind it: In space, solar energy is available practically without limit, and cooling in a vacuum is comparatively simple. "Dort ließe sich sehr günstig Strom produzieren, Kühlung hat man im All auch umsonst," said digital expert Robert Fiege.
From rocket building to AI and data centers in space
However, skeptics warn of significant hurdles. "Skeptiker verweisen allerdings auf Probleme wie die erheblichen Aufbaukosten, eine trotz der niedrigen Temperaturen im All schwierige Kühlung sowie die Strahlung, die Schaltkreise beschädigen könne." NASA is also counting on the Starship rocket, which is still in testing: It is intended to bring humans back to the moon for the first time in roughly half a century as part of the Artemis program.
In the first quarter of this year, SpaceX recorded a loss of $4.28 billion on revenue of approximately $4.7 billion. "Im ersten Quartal dieses Jahres verbuchte SpaceX ein Minus von 4,28 Milliarden Dollar bei rund 4,7 Milliarden Dollar Umsatz." Last year, the loss was also significant at $4.94 billion on revenue of $18.67 billion (roughly €16 billion). In addition, there was an operating loss of $2.6 billion, primarily attributed to high investments in artificial intelligence and the development of the next generation of rockets. SpaceX has invested more than $15 billion in Starship in total.
Starlink as the financial backbone
The heart of the business, however, is Starlink. "Starlink ist der zentrale Geldbringer von SpaceX und machte im ersten Quartal 3,26 Milliarden Dollar Umsatz." The satellite internet service now has around 10.3 million customers in 164 countries. "Starlink ist das am schnellsten wachsende Telekommunikationsunternehmen der Welt – mit bereits mehr als zehn Millionen Kundinnen und Kunden, darunter auch Organisationen, Länder und Firmen." Last year, the segment contributed approximately $11.4 billion (around 60 percent of group revenue) and generated an operating profit of $4.4 billion.
The high valuation relative to revenue is causing skepticism among experts. If you set the targeted market capitalization of approximately $1.765 trillion in relation to annual revenue, the stock market would value SpaceX at more than 94 times its annual revenue. For comparison: The S&P 500 trades at four times, Apple and Alphabet at ten times, Amazon at three times, Meta at seven times, Microsoft at nine times. Nvidia, one of the biggest AI beneficiaries, is valued at a good 18 times annual revenue. The technology-heavy Nasdaq 100 averages just under seven.
Valuation at the upper limit
The Chief Investment Strategist of BNP Paribas Wealth Management, Stephan Kemper, therefore considers the valuation "sehr ambitioniert" and drew parallels to the New Economy bubble. "Eine unprofitable Firma mit der Hoffnung auf zukünftige stark steigende Gewinne stemmt einen Rekordbörsengang – das weckt natürlich Erinnerungen an die Technologieblase Ende der 1990er." Back then, in 1999, Goldman Sachs went public shortly before the dot-com bubble burst. Kemper also warned that the current owners could sell off a large portion of their shares within the next six months. He also pointed to many investors' fear of "das nächste große Ding an der Börse zu verpassen."
Asset manager Georg von Wallwitz also sees reason for caution. "Diese Goldgräberstimmung, diese Euphorie, die ist doch sehr ähnlich – und gibt erfahrenen Investoren Anlass, etwas vorsichtiger zu sein," said the founder of Eyb & Wallwitz. While he called Musk a "zweifellos genialer Unternehmer," he expected only modest returns in the long term: "Wahrscheinlich kann man bei dem IPO einen schnellen Dollar machen, der Hype ist schon groß. Aber langfristig dürften die Renditen überschaubar bleiben." IPO expert Jay Ritter from the University of Florida summed it up with the formula: "Ein großartiges Unternehmen bedeutet nicht zwangsläufig eine großartige Investition" and warned: "Wenn die Bewertung zu hoch sei, drohe eine Bruchlandung."
Risk warnings from experts and investor advocates
Ludovic Phalippou of the University of Oxford also sees the greatest growth phase as potentially already passed. "Viele Investoren scheinen bereit zu sein, einen Aufschlag zu zahlen, nur für das Privileg, Zugang zu SpaceX zu bekommen," he said. The investor advocacy group (IVA) in Austria advised investors, "keine Kaufentscheidung allein aufgrund von Medienberichten oder Social-Media-Euphorie zu treffen, Fundamentaldaten zu prüfen und entsprechend realistisch zu bewerten und nur dann zu investieren, wenn ein finanzieller Verlust verkraftbar wäre."
Association board member Florian Beckermann also warned of the risks emanating from Musk himself. "Seine Äußerungen, politische Kontroversen, Rechtsstreitigkeiten oder strategische Entscheidungen können erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die Marktstimmung und damit auf den Aktienkurs haben. Anleger würden nicht nur in ein Raumfahrtunternehmen investieren, sondern teilweise auch in seine öffentliche Wahrnehmung." Musk had advised the sitting U.S. President Donald Trump in the first months of his term in office and openly supported the AfD during the federal election campaign.
The IVA also classified spaceflight as a "Hochrisikogeschäft," dependent on technology, regulation, accidents, geopolitics, and government contracts. "Ein einzelnes schwerwiegendes Ereignis könne hier Milli