Mainz University Study Classifies Nicotine in Any Form as a Cardiovascular Risk

What Nicotine Triggers in the Body

According to the study, nicotine increases so-called oxidative stress, narrows blood vessels, and raises blood pressure. The researchers also describe a reduced effect of the hormone prostacyclin, which normally protects the vessels and regulates dilation. At the same time, the concentration of endothelin-1 is increased — a messenger substance that constricts vessels and promotes inflammatory processes.

The authors see this as a mechanism that raises the risk of thromboses, i.e., blood clots. Accelerated arteriosclerosis — the calcification and stiffening of the arteries — is also a possible consequence. The study thus brings together various cellular and clinical findings and arranges them into an overall picture.

The University of Mainz points out that nicotine also has addiction potential and can promote the use of other nicotine-containing products. This is another reason the researchers do not want to apply the label "risk-free" or "harmless" to any of the forms of delivery examined.

Research Team and Demands

Münzel and his team therefore advocate for stronger public education about the dangers of nicotine-containing products beyond classic cigarettes. Regulatory authorities should also take a closer look at alternative products, as they are often perceived by the public as less harmful.

The study was produced at the Institute of Cardiology of the University Medical Center Mainz. The review was published in a peer-reviewed specialist journal. The researchers emphasize that further long-term studies are necessary to more precisely quantify the long-term consequences, particularly of e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches.

Significance for Consumers

For consumers, the study results mean that switching to supposedly "gentler" nicotine products is not a health-conscious choice, but merely a different form of risk. The authors advise avoiding nicotine-containing products as completely as possible.